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Tren harga dan volume atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah Price and Volume Trend yang disingkat biasa disingkat dengan singkatan "PVT" atau "PV" adalah merupakan suatu indikator dalam analisis teknis yang ditujukan untuk menggabungkan harga dan volume pada pasar modal. PVT adalah berdasarkan volume transaksi berjalan, dengan penambahan volume berdasarkan persentase perubahan harga pada saat penutupan pasar dibandingkan dengan harga penutupan sebelumnya.
Rumusan PVT adalah sebagai berikut :
PVT adalah serupa dengan On-balance Volume (OBV), tetapi apabila OBV menggunakan volume hanya berdasarkan saat mencapai harga penutupan tertinggi atau terendah maka pada PVT juga dimasukkan besaran nilai tertinggi atau terendah yang terjadi.
PVT diartikan dengan cara yang serupa dengan OBV. Pemikiran umumnya adalah bahwa volume akan meningkat pada hari dimana harga bergerak pada arah yang dominan, misalnya saja pada tren kenaikan yang kuat maka volume akan lebih tinggi daripada hari dimana harga mengalami penurunan. Jadi apabila harga mengalami kenaikan maka PVT akan naik juga dan sewaktu harga menciptakan tingkat tertinggi barunya maka PVT juga akan demikian. Apabila PVT gagal untuk mencapai reli harga tertinggi sebelumnya maka ini adalah merupakan diverjensi negatif yang menandakan melemahnya pergerakan.
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Price Volume Trend
Price Volume Trend combines percentage price change and volume to confirm the strength of price trends or through divergences, warn of weak price moves. Unlike other price-volume indicators, the Price Volume Trend takes into consideration the percentage increase or decrease in price, rather than just simply adding or subtracting volume based on whether the current price is higher than the previous day's price. How the formula is calculated is presented below:
- On an up day, the volume is multiplied by the percentage price increase between the current close and the previous time-period's close. This value is then added to the previous day's Price Volume Trend value.
- On a down day, the volume is multiplied by the percentage price decrease between the current close and the previous time-period's close. This value is then added to the previous day's Price Volume Trend value.
The Price Volume Trend is helpful in seeing divergences; examples of these divergences are shown below in the chart of AT&T (T):
The Price Volume Trend indicator is usually interpreted as follows:
- Increasing price accompanied by an increasing Price Volume Trend value, confirms the price trend upward.
- Decreasing price accompanied by a decreasing Price Volume Trend value, confirms the price trend downward.
- Increasing price accompanied by a decreasing or neutral Price Volume Trend value is a divergence and is indicating that the price movement upward is weak and lacking conviction.
- Decreasing price accompanied by a increasing or neutral Price Volume Trend value is a divergence and is indicating that the price movement downward is weak and lacking conviction.
High #1 to High #2
AT&T stock made lower highs, but the Price Volume Trend indicator made higher highs. This bullish divergence warned that bulls might be taking control of the stock and shorting AT&T would not be advisable.
Since the Price Volume Trend indicator multiplies positive volume when prices close higher than the previous day's close, the Price Volume Trend indicator could be interpreted as meaning that more volume flowed into High #2 than flowed into High #1. More volume interest by buyers at High #2 signaled that the price move higher had significant strength behind it and it probably was going to continue.
Low #1 to Low #2
The stock price made higher lows, generally considered a bullish signal; the Price Volume Trend indicator confirmed this move higher when it made higher highs as well.
Price Volume Trend is a valuable technical analysis tool that combines both price and volume to confirm price action or warn of potential weakness or lack of conviction by buyers and sellers. Other similar indicators that should be investigated further are the Chaikin Oscillator (see: Chaikin Oscillator) and the Money Flow Index (see: Money Flow Index).
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